Elevators, like other electromechanical equipment, require regular inspection, maintenance, and upkeep. Regular maintenance and upkeep of elevator equipment can maximize compliance with the original design and manufacturing standards and technical requirements; And it can ensure the safe and reliable operation of elevator equipment, reduce the failure rate, and extend the service life of elevator equipment.
Elevators, like other electromechanical equipment, require regular inspection, maintenance, and upkeep. Regular maintenance and upkeep of elevator equipment can maximize compliance with the original design and manufacturing standards and technical requirements; And it can ensure the safe and reliable operation of elevator equipment, reduce the failure rate, and extend the service life of elevator equipment. But how to effectively carry out regular inspections, maintenance, and upkeep of elevator equipment is a topic that elevator manufacturers, installation and maintenance units, and elevator users attach great importance to and pay attention to.
1. Establish management systems for maintenance work and hardware applications, continuously improving hardware conditions
In terms of maintenance work management and hardware application, each installation and maintenance unit should establish a complete and systematic management system and measures to ensure the quality of regular maintenance work; And continuously improve hardware conditions to enhance the efficiency, quality, and user satisfaction of maintenance work.
1.1 A job responsibility system must be established to closely integrate the documented and written management of maintenance work with the methods of user confirmation and supervision management.
(1) Due to the uniqueness of maintenance work, it has the characteristics of large workload scalability, difficult control and management of on-site and maintenance work hours. Therefore, it is necessary to assign responsibilities to relevant personnel for regular inspection, maintenance, and upkeep of corresponding maintenance elevators. In this way, the initiative, flexibility, and sense of responsibility of on-site maintenance personnel can be mobilized and improved; It can indeed strengthen on-site maintenance work.
(2) The quality of maintenance work and its effectiveness, and the users have the most say; Ask maintenance personnel to report the work situation and results of regular maintenance to users in writing, obtain their signature and approval, and provide feedback to the company (keep a record for record). In this way, effective supervision and management of maintenance work can be carried out, while also improving user satisfaction.
1.2 It is necessary to establish a system for regularly visiting users, collecting user feedback information, and conducting quality inspections, supervision and management of maintenance work.
(1) A specialized management system should be established, and personnel should be dispatched to visit users regularly to obtain user feedback information. The first-hand information such as user/site information obtained should be promptly fed back to the design, manufacturing, technology, installation and other departments, in order to improve product quality and work; And dynamically track and handle user inquiries or complaints to improve customer satisfaction.
(2) Of course, monitoring maintenance work solely through user supervision or confirmation is far from enough (as users are not professionals after all). Regular spot checks must be carried out by leaders responsible for maintenance work and maintenance supervisors, combined with irregular special inspections by dedicated quality inspection (acceptance) personnel for management
1.3 It is necessary to establish a user profile for maintenance elevators, namely a maintenance elevator database management system, to improve the efficiency of maintenance management work.
(1) For each maintenance elevator user, a user profile must be established, especially for newly put into use elevators. The use of the elevator and the faults of important components (such as door systems, electrical control systems, mechanical systems, etc.) can be input into the maintenance elevator database management system, and then classified, statistically analyzed and processed. In this way, the causes of high elevator failure rates can be identified, and then targeted measures can be taken to continuously improve product quality and installation and maintenance work, enhance the reliability of elevator equipment, and reduce elevator failure rates.
(2) Based on the established user profile information, the original data of elevator usage and malfunction, as well as maintenance work (including replacement of parts), can be accumulated. And through the statistics and analysis of these data, factors that affect elevator reliability (such as computer crashes, easily worn or malfunctioning components, etc.) are preprocessed or replaced with vulnerable parts in advance; Taking proactive and preventive maintenance measures can improve the efficiency of maintenance work and user satisfaction.
(3) You can input the daily work situation and maintenance records of maintenance personnel, as well as daily work data such as the use, failure, and replacement of parts of user elevators (including annual inspection and acceptance time, cost information, etc.) into the maintenance elevator database management system. It is beneficial to strengthen the supervision, control, and management of maintenance personnel, as well as to determine the specific maintenance work cycle of the user's elevator in a targeted manner, formulate maintenance plans or major and medium-sized repair plans, and also facilitate the implementation of various management work and specific management measures.
1.4 For user units that meet the conditions (such as those with a relatively large number of elevators or concentrated areas), a remote monitoring/monitoring system can be adopted, and 24-hour hotline repair services can be implemented to improve user satisfaction.
(1) The remote monitoring/surveillance system can dynamically monitor and record the operation, faults, and maintenance work of elevators in a timely manner, laying a solid material foundation for the effective implementation of 24-hour hotline repair services and improving user satisfaction.
(2) The remote monitoring/surveillance system can also effectively monitor and manage the work situation of maintenance personnel (such as the timeliness of repair services and maintenance work time), which can greatly improve the efficiency and quality of maintenance work, and is conducive to the rational and scientific management of maintenance work.
2. Develop specialized technical regulations for regular cyclic inspection and maintenance in terms of technology
Technically, specialized technical regulations for regular cyclic inspection and maintenance of various specific models of elevators should be formulated and strictly implemented in order to effectively ensure the quality of regular inspection, maintenance, and upkeep of elevator equipment from a technical perspective.
2.1 It is necessary to develop specialized technical regulations for regular cyclic inspection and maintenance based on the characteristics of different elevator models and the specific usage of users:
(1) Elevator equipment, like other electromechanical equipment, needs to adopt different maintenance cycles according to its usage environment, frequency, and other different situations in order to maximize the safe and reliable operation of elevator equipment, reduce failure rates, and extend the service life of the equipment.
(2) The regular maintenance cycle of elevators usually includes six methods: daily inspection, weekly inspection, monthly inspection, quarterly inspection, annual inspection, and special inspection. It is necessary to develop specialized inspection and maintenance work content or plans based on the characteristics of different elevator models and the specific usage of users. Because each maintenance system and method has its own focus and specific content, they are closely related and interconnected in the front and back stages. Maintenance personnel must develop specific maintenance methods for the elevator based on its current condition and frequency of use, and then carefully and strictly follow technical regulations and formulated maintenance plans to truly ensure the safe and reliable operation of the elevator, reduce failure rates, and extend its service life.
2.2 Differences and similarities between various maintenance systems (regular cycle maintenance inspection cycles), as well as the key areas of maintenance and their specific technical requirements:
(1) Daily inspection and maintenance system. Suitable for daily inspection and maintenance of elevators in major engineering projects with a relatively concentrated and large number of elevators, and for on-site maintenance personnel; Of course, it is also suitable for the maintenance of elevators for users who have their own maintenance workers. The specific inspection content can also be used as the first inspection content for daily maintenance work sampling by the leaders responsible for maintenance work Require maintenance personnel to inquire with elevator drivers or administrators about elevator usage on a daily basis, and personally inspect the operation and usage of various parts of the elevator, keeping a diary The key areas for daily inspection and maintenance should focus on the reliability of elevator operation (i.e. the correctness of elevator operation, stability of elevator operation speed, and the presence of faults), to ensure that the elevator operates safely without faults In terms of the correctness of elevator operation actions, the main inspection includes various buttons, signal indications, leveling, elevator operation, and overload functions In terms of elevator operation stability, the main inspection is to check whether the speed of the elevator is normal and stable, whether there are any abnormal sounds, and whether the door machine opens and closes smoothly.
(2) Weekly inspection and maintenance system. Suitable for elevator equipment with a very high frequency of use, as well as maintenance work for elevators in key and key user units. Of course, the weekly inspection and maintenance work content is also suitable for maintenance supervisors to conduct daily maintenance quality spot checks The focus of weekly inspection and maintenance work should be on checking and maintaining the safety devices of elevators, as well as the flexibility of elevator operating components In terms of the safety and reliability of elevator operation safety devices, it is mainly necessary to check and maintain the reliability of door locks, electrical interlocking contacts, and safety switches of each floor of the elevator, as well as the braking performance of the brake and the condition of the car door safety protection device In terms of the flexibility of elevator operating components, it is mainly necessary to check and maintain the flexibility of the car floor door pulley slider and various moving parts of the door machine, as well as the cleaning and lubrication status of the motor, worm gear, guide wheel, and other rotating parts.
(3) Monthly inspection and maintenance system. Suitable for daily maintenance of most elevators in good working condition. Of course, the monthly inspection and maintenance work can also be used as the inspection content for maintenance supervisors and full-time quality inspectors to randomly inspect and inspect the quality of maintenance work. ① The focus of monthly inspection and maintenance work is to check the firmness and integrity of components that may become loose and easily worn out due to frequent operation of the elevator (such as the elevator floor door), so as to ensure that the overall structure of the elevator is in a complete, undamaged, firm, safe and reliable good working condition In terms of the firmness of various fastening parts in the elevator, the main contents that need to be checked and maintained are the bolts of the car floor door, the self resetting door device of the floor door, the pressure plate bolts of the guide rail bracket, the traction rope head, the balance compensation device, the electrical fastening screws in the control cabinet, and the shaft information device The main contents that need to be inspected, maintained, or replaced for the integrity and reliability of parts that are prone to wear and tear due to sliding and rolling are the sliding block of the car door pulley, the transmission belt of the door machine, the shoe lining of the guide shoe, the traction of each fuse core, and the traction steel wire rope Of course, for elevators that have not undergone daily and weekly maintenance, the corresponding requirements (maintenance and inspection items) for daily and weekly maintenance must be included in the scope of monthly maintenance work, and a comprehensive cleaning and regular inspection and maintenance work must be carried out on the elevator.
(4) Quarterly inspection and maintenance system. Suitable for the maintenance of elevators for users with good operating conditions and low frequency of use, as well as maintenance for items that are not performed or are prone to negligence or omission during normal monthly maintenance work. Similarly, the quarterly inspection and maintenance work can also be used as the inspection content for maintenance supervisors and full-time quality inspectors during quality spot checks of maintenance work The focus of quarterly inspection and maintenance work should be on the inspection, adjustment, and maintenance of the fit gaps or relative dimensions between various components that affect the reliability of elevator operation, while also taking into account any negligence or omissions during daily, weekly, and monthly inspections During quarterly maintenance, the main contents of checking and adjusting the clearance or relative size between the moving parts of the elevator include checking and adjusting the automatic door machine system, the distance between the door blade and the floor sill of each hall door, the reliable meshing of the electrical interlocking contacts of the elevator floor door, as well as the tension between the traction steel wire ropes, the gap between the brakes, and the distance between the collision plate of the car counterweight device and the top surface of the buffer The clearance and leveling accuracy between the safety wedge block and the guide rail on both sides.
(6) Special inspection and maintenance system. Suitable for situations with long service life and/or frequent problems and malfunctions of elevators, the general cycle for special inspection and maintenance is 3-5 years. Of course, it may vary depending on the specific use and maintenance status of the elevator, either earlier or later. Similarly, the content of special inspection and maintenance work can be used as a mandatory inspection for full-time quality inspectors during quality inspection of special maintenance work The special inspection and maintenance work of elevators is commonly referred to as project repair or major overhaul, which requires maintenance personnel to determine the content of special inspection and maintenance based on the specific condition of the elevator. However, safety items involved (such as speed limiter safety clamps, safety circuit switches, door protection systems, etc.) must be included as mandatory inspection and maintenance items for special inspections Although the specific conditions of elevators vary, the content of special inspection and maintenance, namely project repair or major repair work, may vary. However, common special repair items include: inspection, maintenance or replacement of traction machine brakes, various rope pulleys, guide rails, traction steel wire ropes, elevator doors, compensation devices, shaft information devices, and various electrical components in the control cabinet.
To truly carry out regular maintenance and upkeep of elevator equipment is a complex and challenging task; Moreover, there is no good or fixed regulation or format for the maintenance of elevator equipment. There is only one aspect of continuous improvement and enhancement in management and hardware; On the other hand, in terms of technology, it is necessary to develop a suitable plan for regular cycle inspection and maintenance based on the specific technical requirements of each manufacturer's elevator model and the specific usage of elevator equipment, and implement it carefully. Only by effectively maintaining and maintaining elevator equipment on a regular basis can it truly meet the original design and manufacturing standards and technical requirements, reduce failure rates, and extend the service life of elevator equipment.
