1、 The determination of elevator type
should be made clear during the planning period of the building, as different types of elevators are used for different purposes such as hotels, offices, hospitals, residential buildings, or industrial and mining enterprises.After determining the purpose of the building, a passenger flow analysis is conducted based on factors such as its building area, floor height, passenger flow in and out, and the location of the elevator in the building, in order to determine the elevator speed, load capacity (load when the elevator car is fully loaded), and required number of elevators.
Taking small high-rise residential buildings across the country as an example, what kind of elevator to choose and how to save development costs are currently the most important issues facing designers and developers. Developers cannot ignore economic benefits and housing quality when developing projects, so when choosing elevators, they should consider both cost reduction and meeting usage requirements, as well as safety and comfort. Internationally, scientific calculations have been conducted on the selection speed and load capacity of elevators for 7-20 story residential buildings with one elevator for two households and one elevator for three households. The following results have been obtained. Firstly, the selection of elevator configuration. For residential buildings with 7 floors and 20 floors or less for one elevator and two households, choosing an elevator with a load capacity and speed of 800KG and 1.0M/S-1.5 is the best and most economical and reasonable choice; Another option is a load capacity of 1000 and a configuration of 1.0M/s-1.5M/s. The 800KG elevator can accommodate 9-10 people, and can accommodate two to three households together; The 1000KG elevator can accommodate 11-13 people, and can accommodate three to four households together.
2、 Selection of elevator specification standards
When selecting specific manufacturers and brands for elevators, it is advisable to have multiple contacts and choices. It should be noted that in the configuration of hall, car door, car size, and elevator specifications, universal standard products should be used as much as possible, because the standard size is manufactured uniformly and relatively cost-effective. For example, if two elevators of the same brand have the same speed, load capacity, and configuration of landing stations (number of landing doors), but one of them has a universal standard series product size, while the other's landing doors and elevator cars are set as non-standard, that is to say, they need to be separately processed, so the equipment cost of the latter will be 10% to 15% higher than the former. Of course, if another elevator with a similar down traction or other special specification form needs to be used, In terms of cost, it is inevitable that it will become even larger.
One thing that needs to be noted more is that elevators are a special commodity that is sold through a pre order sales method. In other words, it is like tailoring according to the specific requirements of the order. Therefore, once the supply and demand contract is signed, it is very troublesome for the manufacturer to change its specific specifications, dimensions, and parameters after production. If the buyer requests a return for this, the manufacturer's deposit is generally prepaid according to the contract and will not be refunded. The specifications and dimensions of a universal standard vertical passenger elevator, taking a 1000kg load capacity elevator as an example, should be: 13 passengers, the hall door form is a split door, the hall door size is 0.9m wide and 2.1m high, the car size is 1.6m wide, 1.5m deep, and 2.3m high (can be used as 2.3-2.5m high). This requires that the civil dimensions of the shaft be 2.2m wide and 2.1m deep, and the net land construction hole at the entrance of the hall door is 1.14m wide and 2.24m high. The elevator machine room must be located directly above the elevator shaft, etc. These basic data are the basic parameters of the unified elevator standard form both domestically and internationally.
When it comes to elevator manufacturers and brands, when selecting elevator manufacturers, elevator brands, and installation and construction departments, one should be extremely cautious. It can also be said that this is a crucial step in selecting elevators. Therefore, before signing the elevator purchase contract, the purchasing department needs to take time to conduct necessary audits and inspections of the supplier; The manufacturer is obliged to provide the buyer with business license, elevator production license, construction enterprise level qualification of its construction department, installation safety certification and other supporting documents. The buyer also requires the buyer's personnel to consult the supplier's pre-sales and after-sales service commitment, warranty time, and understand the actual condition and performance of the products they need in use. Specifically, the highest lifting height and maximum number of stopping stations for this type of elevator are required Special tools for maintenance, vulnerable spare parts, supply cycle, manufacturer's production volume of such products, implementation of elevator functions, and market usage can all be included in the inspection content and items. These contents also directly reflect the comprehensive strength and basic production status of the manufacturer.
At present, the elevator production and manufacturing standards issued by the country have clear provisions on the basic functions and operating methods of elevators. Vertical elevators (except for utility elevators, etc.) are generally equipped with a dual-purpose switching device with or without a driver on the control panel, and also have functions such as maintenance switches and emergency stop buttons for dedicated personnel to use when operating elevators. However, in terms of functional items, there is a significant difference between passenger elevators, freight elevators, and utility elevators, and buyers must choose according to the type of elevator. Referring to the national elevator production and manufacturing standards, the content in this regard is already very detailed. The basic functions of various elevators are complete, and there is no need for owners to increase equipment costs. However, some functions (excluding basic functions), such as installing monitoring systems inside and outside the elevator car, power outage re leveling devices, artificial intelligence magnetic cards, etc., are beyond basic functions, and these functions will increase equipment costs to a certain extent.
3、 Understanding of
Elevator National Standards Elevator National Standards (referring to the standards and regulations formulated by the National Standards of the People's Republic of China for the production, manufacturing, installation, and other aspects of elevators).It specifies in detail the execution standards, such as the horizontal size of the shaft, verticality deviation, minimum height of the top layer, depth of the bottom pit, and no other pipelines inside the elevator shaft except for elevator equipment. Now, for safety needs, the labor department stipulates that standard permanent lighting must be installed in the shaft, and the ventilation and lighting brightness of the machine room must meet the standards. The main power switch is installed in a unified position, and each ground must meet the bearing capacity, All environmental requirements must be implemented and comply with the national standards for elevators.
It should be noted that if two or more elevators are used and installed in the same elevator hall, parallel or group control methods can be chosen to automate the dispatch and distribution of elevator cars during non driver controlled times, in order to improve elevator utilization and reduce waiting time for passengers. But the condition for meeting these programs is that the parallel or group controlled elevators must be consistent in the stopping layer and middle stopping of the base station; The call display button and response signal should be unified. The elevator shaft in civil engineering buildings should be adjacent, and there should be reserved door openings for communication between shafts. The machine room position must be directly above the elevator car, etc.
4、 The determination of elevator prices
is currently the most concerning and sensitive issue for both supply and demand parties, requiring repeated discussions and even directly affecting whether both parties establish a supply-demand relationship and sign elevator sales contracts.The total price of the entire elevator project should include: all equipment prices, transportation costs, customs duties, insurance fees, installation fees, commissioning fees, and related costs promised by the manufacturer to the owner for pre-sales, after-sales warranty, etc. However, it should be noted that when the manufacturer's construction department delivers the installed and qualified elevator to the owner, some later costs should be borne by the owner, such as elevator registration fees, installation acceptance inspection fees, etc Fire (equipment) inspection fees, annual elevator inspection fees, etc.
The above costs and supply and demand should be as much as possible reflected in the contract to be signed by both parties, and clarifying the responsibilities of both parties in written form is the best way to avoid disputes.
5、
When both parties sign the supply and demand contract, the owner shall provide the manufacturer with the civil and electrical drawings, electronic drawings, etc. of the building.Similarly, manufacturers should also provide the demand side with drawings of the civil and electrical requirements for the selected elevator. The manufacturer has the responsibility and obligation to review and verify the drawings provided by the owner to determine whether the design drawings can meet the requirements of elevator installation. If not, the owner should be notified in writing to make modifications to the parts that do not meet the requirements of elevator installation.
6、 Supply and payment methods:
Owners can request elevator manufacturers to specify the supply date based on the progress of building civil engineering. Currently, the supply period for elevator manufacturers usually takes 2 and a half to 4 months, and it is best for elevator equipment in general buildings to enter the site before the building has been capped and the outdoor tower crane is about to be removed. If the goods arrive before this time, there will inevitably be storage and storage problems, and there will be secondary lifting afterwardsTransportation and other expenses.
There are generally two payment methods commonly used in the elevator market nowadays. The
first method is for the purchaser to pay 30% to 35% of the total purchase price to the supplier as equipment deposit within a specified time after the contract is signed, and the manufacturer will arrange production according to the elevator specifications and parameters specified in the contract.After the production of all elevator equipment is completed and boxed, the owner shall pay 60% to 65% of the total payment after receiving the manufacturer's payment notice for inspection. The manufacturer shall deliver the goods to the designated location, and after the installation is completed and the inspection is qualified, pay the remaining 5% of the total payment (which can also be used as a warranty deposit and generally paid after one year of maintenance). The sales contract is completed.
The second method is for the buyer to pay a deposit of 20% of the total equipment cost to the supplier, and then the supplier will ship the elevator equipment to the buyer in batches, usually divided into three batches. After each batch of goods arrives, payment will be made at 30%, 50%, and 20% of the payment.
Of course, these supply or payment terms are intended to enforce the contractual terms between both parties, and corresponding penalty clauses need to be established for those who fail to comply. However, to be honest, conflicts often arise in elevator sales contracts nowadays, mainly in terms of payment. Moreover, in the event of economic disputes, most of the losing parties are manufacturers.
7、 Emphasizing that the "
one-stop" service elevator is ultimately a special commodity, its uniqueness is that the elevator is not qualified when leaving the factory, but when the elevator equipment is completely installed, fully inspected by government professional departments, and obtained on site by the owner. Therefore, controlling the quality of an elevator should ultimately reflect the actual use condition, operating comfort, failure rate, and other operational indicators,We must grasp the three main stages (also known as the three stages). Firstly, the quality of elevator equipment products requires elevator manufacturers to ensure the production quality of their products; Secondly, we need to pay attention to the level of installation and debugging technology, which requires the continuity of after-sales service work and the manufacturer's emphasis on product after-sales service; Secondly, the rationality and timeliness of maintenance and management require a certain level of professional knowledge and sense of responsibility, and of course, technical support from manufacturers, such as professional training, is also indispensable. Therefore, as early as the early 1990s, the Ministry of Construction issued a red headed document, which clearly stipulated that elevator products should be provided with a "one-stop" service method by the manufacturer, that is, elevator manufacturers should provide warranty, installation and commissioning for their own elevator equipment Responsible for maintenance and upkeep. According to this document, regardless of which manufacturer's elevator products are ordered, once both parties sign a supply and demand contract, the manufacturer must be responsible for after-sales service to the end. This not only protects the interests of the owner, but also avoids many disputes. Only by grasping these three aspects, can it undoubtedly be a good elevator displayed in front of us.
